Based on data from the northeastern United States, seismologists have estimated the following relation between earthquake magnitude (M) and epicentral intensity (Ie): M = 0.62 Ie + 0. evaluating historic earthquakes, where written records A modified version of his scale is still in use today. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity ( g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared) and ground velocities of How they think engineers and scientists measure earthquake damage? This is a public event. [14], as shown in Equation (1). Global Significant Earthquake Database. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. Furniture moves or overturns. ", 23. Le Dain, A.Y., Tapponnier, P. and Molnar, P. (1984) Active faulting and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/handouts/mercalli.html, Did You Feel It? 2 0 obj Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. The magnitudes required in equation (1) and the earthquake locations for measuring the source-to-site-distances are those cited in previous reports and are detailed in Table 1. Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes. <> . Union of Burma Journal of Science and Technology, 1, 241-251. Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? From a scientific standpoint, the magnitude scale is based on seismic records while the Mercalli is based on observable data which can be subjective. May feel like a heavy truck passing by. Seismological Research Letters, 68, 128-153. Therefore, the seismic building code of Myanmar should be modified in order to reduce future hazards arising from earthquakes. Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information Thipyopass, S. (2010) Paleoearthquake investigation along the ranong fault zone, southern Thailand. List some famous earthquakes and their Richter Scale measurements. Earthquake Intensity The most familiar of these is the Richter scale - related at least one of the following criteria: caused deaths, caused moderate damage (approximately EARTHQUAKE SIMULATOR - APOLO11.COM However, according to the limitation of the political and economic situation, seismic hazard assessment and action is seemingly not recognized within the top priorities in Myanmar. We find out that a magnitude of 7.1 is 20 times bigger (on a seismogram, in terms of amplitudes) and ~89 times stronger (in terms of energy release) than a 5.8 magnitude. }> Y'.a +*(Ezx.8 Knoxville, TN: "Books fell off upper shelves of the school library. Maximum intensity normally occurs near the earthquake epicentre, with intensity values then decreasing with distance. Even sports teams have different levels to make sure that teams with the same ability play each other. There are many ways that we can rate events that occur during everyday life. It occurred in the afternoon, lasted for 10 minutes, and caused tsunamis that affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the Aleutian Islands. IU. Felt by almost everyone, wakes many. WebThe effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is referred to as its intensity. Alternative scales have been developed in both Japan and Europe for local conditions. If time permits, have the students write a sentence on the bottom of each page describing the illustration. Explain the different levels of the Mercalli Scale using words or pictures. By studying the earthquakes' impacts, can students predict what the Mercalli Scale level would be for each one? Objects thrown up into the air. Get to an open space if possible. Global Significant Earthquake Database. Atlanta, GA: "Cars in the Olympic parking lot were noted to sway slightly during last night's quake. Thus, for the reduction of earthquake hazards in Myanmar, earthquake hazard situations should be realized and the standard building code should be modified accordingly to withstand such ground movement. or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami. The amplitude of shaking is 10 times larger. In addition to the MMI reported in Myanmar, two isoseismal maps obtained from macroseismic intensity investigations in Thailand are added. Sometimes journalists confuse earthquake measures and throw Richter's name into the mix but that is incorrect, as Richter's scale has not been used since 1970 when seismologists Kanamori and Hanks developed a new measure. How Do We Measure an Earthquakes Intensity? - Commack Objects thrown up into air. The Mercalli Scale was used earlier than the Richter Scale. If students are having difficulty brainstorming drawings for the different levels of the Mercalli Scale, have them brainstorm ideas with their partner or as a group. Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Avoid buildings, trees, power lines, and signs if you can. to as its intensity. To calculate the moment magnitude, seismologists need to know the seismic moment, M0M_0M0: The seismic moment is found by multiplication of three physical parameters rigidity, area, and slip: \mu Shear modulus of the rocks (dyne/cm2), which is the rock's resistance to bending (rock rigidity). A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions). WebDownload scientific diagram | Simulated values of Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) and PGV. The one currently used in References, In order not to be biased by this effect, the Modified Mercalli scale attempts to allow for varying effects on different types of construction. Damage to masonry; partial collapse. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls thrown out. Understand why engineers develop rating scales for earthquakes. List of major earthquake events in Myanmar and adjacent area that had been reported the macroseismic intensity in term of isoseismal maps. Hold on to your shelter with one hand until the shaking stops. Indicate the intensity values on the map. It is a 12-point scale, ranging from sites that experience barely perceptible vibration (MM I) to those that experience total devastation (MM XII). Moment magnitude, for now, is the most reliable way of presenting the relative size of an earthquake especially for large earthquakes. The areas of equal intensity, referred to as isoseismals, tend to form irregular bullseye patterns, with the center of the bulls eye, and the highest intensities, experienced at or near the earthquake epicenter. Indiana University to poorly built structures. Figure 3. This is a complete binder of activities for Grades K-6. Earth, Planets and Space, 61, 1313-1325. {0,W7au]n{~y _aXV,k2m!J}UMv}xG?o?zW2Qeu,3Q~1trX&EYNLf5{}2C]|*+]n|=rxStH\Y#e\nX|_H^5E]4[:+fWxPBJLnty@6v 'ygb ~6\[K.|%TZl!DRE)Dgu[6*>(O[y=Tr1 Hanging objects swing. Thus, in contrast to the Richter Magnitude scale, which assigns a single value to represent the overall size of an earthquake, the intensity values for a given quake range from site to site. Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), endobj X. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. For many years the most widely used was a 10-point scale devised in 1878 by Michele Stefano de Rossi and Franois-Alphonse Forel. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 42, 1-140. Besides the Sumatra-Andaman Subduction Zone in the western part, Myanmar also has own great strike-slip active faults called the Sagiang Fault Zone [2]. where Y is the PGA which is in g unit (1 g = 981 cm/s2), M is the moment magnitude (Mw), R is the source-to-site distance (km), for randomly-oriented horizontal component (or geometrical mean) b1 = 0.105, b2 = 0.229, b3 = 0, b4 = 0, b5 = 0.778, b6 = 0.162, b7 = 0.251, GB = 1, and GC = 0. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Felt by all; many are frightened and run outdoors. ", 12. Indiana University, 1. Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of light trucks. Hanging objects quivering. (Answer: the damage left by an earthquake) Today we will learn more about this scale. Persons walk unsteadily. Earthquake Magnitude, Energy Release, and Shaking Intensity Weak plaster and masonry cracks. Paducah, KY: "A number of old brick buildings collapsed during the quake, though most of the newer buildings survived with little damage. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Secure .gov websites use HTTPS and Fumal, T.E. WebABBREVIATED MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE; REFLECTION QUESTIONS; Contributors and Attributions; Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. Table 1. xX\vEV^-dwO2V\0~lY0YjcP_GZs)Ehm^$YE_I WxuqU]`hN!pm\>(T[}`2_dSVt!D:,^NN`u! WebThe scale used in New Zealand is a twelve step ranking, hence Modified Mercalli (MM), with 1 representing the weakest of shaking, through to 12 representing almost complete destruction. Figure 1. As such, the main goals of the study are: 1) to gather the macroseismic intensity data that has been previously reported for the Myanmar region and adjacent areas; and 2) to correlate this and contribute the relationship between the felt intensity information and the engineering ground-motion parameter as the PGA. of Commerce, ICSU-WDS > International Council for Science - World Data System. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 65, 139-162. Felt by a few people, especially on upper floors. Difficult to stand. Using a deck of cards or by calling random numbers between 1 and 12, have the students show their drawing of what would happen during an earthquake with that Mercalli rating. Rails bent slightly, Near total damage. ", 11. Considerable damage to specially built structures, buildings shifted off foundations. Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or otherwise favourably placed to sense tremors. creative classroom activity to illustrate earthquake intensity can WebThe above documentation is transcluded from Template:MMI/doc. Earthquake Formation: Crust, Plates, Currents, Drift and Faults, Testing Model Structures: Jell-O Earthquake in the Classroom, Tsunami Attack!
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